DCJ11 Processors
Overview
The DCJ11-based processor is a microcomputer with a 22-bit address bus, a 16-bit data bus, full floating point instruction set and a built-in memory management unit (MMU). It can address up to 4 MB of memory and reserves the top 8 KB of the address space for I/O devices. The processor has kernel, supervisor and user modes and provides separate instruction and data spaces for each, which in turn, provides more addressable space to individual programs.
This processor was used in the PDP-11/53, PDP-11/73, PDP-11/83 and PDP-11/93 line of Q-bus computers. It was also used in the PDP-11/84 and PDP-11/94 line of UNIBUS computers.
The table below contains a breakdown and comparison of the DCJ11-based processors.
| DCJ11 Processors and Their Capabilities | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Processor | LSI-11/53 | LSI-11/53+ | LSI-11/731 | LSI-11/732 | LSI-11/83 | LSI-11/93 | ||||||||
| Module Number | M7554 | M7554-01 | M7554-02 | M7554-04 | M8192 | M8192-YB | M8192-YC | M8190 | M8190-AB | M8190-AC | M8190-AD | M8190-AE | M8981-AA | M8981-BA |
| Model Number | KDJ11-DA | KDJ11-DA | KDJ11-DB | KDJ11-DD | KDJ11-AA | KDJ11-AB | KDJ11-AC | KDJ11-BC | KDJ11-BB | KDJ11-BD | KDJ11-BA | KDJ11-BF | KDJ11-EA | KDJ11-EB |
| Introduced | 1986 | 1987 | 1987 | 1988 | 1984 | 1985 | 1985 | 1986 | 1986 | 1986 | 1987 | 1987 | 1990 | 1990 |
| Discontinued | 1988 | 1988 | 1988 | 1988 | 1996 | 1996 | 1996 | |||||||
| Module Size | Quad | Quad | Quad | Quad | Dual | Dual | Dual | Quad | Quad | Quad | Quad | Quad | Quad | Quad |
| Chipset | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 | J11 |
| FPJ11 Compatible | no | no | no | no | no3 | yes | onboard | no | yes | onboard | yes | onboard | onboard | onboard |
| PMI Support | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Cache | no | no | no | no | Single Tag | Single Tag | Single Tag | Dual Tag | Dual Tag | Dual Tag | Dual Tag | Dual Tag | no4 | no4 |
| Memory Management | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Performance (VUP) | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Dhrystones/sec | 690/7496 | 690/7496 | 690/7496 | 818/8906 | 763/8106 | 763/8106 | 763/8106 | 810/8626 931/9987 |
810/8626 931/9987 |
810/8626 931/9987 |
930/9886 1100/11817 |
930/9886 1100/11817 |
||
| Whetstones (KIPS) | 91.7 | 91.7 | 91.7 | 107.5 | 93.5 | 93.5 | 200.0 | 97.18 101.09 |
97.18 101.09 |
217.48 243.99 |
113.68 120.59 |
250.08 285.79 |
||
| Clock Frequency | 15 MHz | 15 MHz | 15 MHz | 18 MHz | 15 MHz | 15 MHz | 15 MHz | 15 MHz | 15 MHz | 15 MHz | 18 MHz | 18 MHz | 18 MHz | 18 MHz |
| Q-bus Address Size | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits | 22-bits |
| Q-bus Interrupts | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level | 4-level |
| RAM Capacity | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB | 4 MB |
| Onboard RAM | 0.5 MB | 0.5 MB | 1.5 MB | 1.5 MB | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | 2 MB | 4 MB |
| Onboard ROM | 32 KB | 32 KB | 32 KB | 32 KB | no | no | no | 16 KB5 | 16 KB5 | 16 KB5 | 16 KB5 | 16 KB5 | yes | yes |
| Onboard LTC Register | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Onboard Serial Ports | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | no | no | no | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 |
| ODT Microcode | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Boot Firmware | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Self-Test Diagostics | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Memory Refresh | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Termination | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 250 ohms | 250 ohms | 250 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms | 120 ohms |
| AC Bus Load | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| DC Bus Load | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| +5V Load | 2.5 A | 2.9 A | 2.9 A | 2.9 A | 4.5 A | 4.5 A | 4.5 A | 5.5 A | 5.5 A | 5.5 A | 5.5 A | 5.5 A | 4.5 A | 4.5 A |
| +12V Load | 0.18 A | 0.17 A | 0.17 A | 0.17 A | 0.1 A | 0.1 A | 0.1 A | 0.1 A | 0.1 A | 0.6 A | 0.6 A | |||
1
Sometimes referred to as an LSI-11/73A processor.
2
Sometimes referred to as an LSI-11/73B, or LSI-11/73+ processor.
3
The KDJ11-AA is incompatible with the FPJ11-AA, but can be
upgraded to be FPJ11-AA compatible. See
MicroNote 25.
4
Due to the speed of the onboard memory, the cache is no longer needed.
5
Supports 2K & 8K ROMs.
6
With Q-bus memory. The first number is without register declarations,
the second is with register declarations.
7
With PMI memory. The first number is without register declarations,
the second is with register declarations.
8
Average performance measured using the C version of Whetstone v2.1,
using Q-bus memory.
9
Average performance measured using the C version of Whetstone v2.1,
using PMI memory.
Boot ROMs
The following boot ROMs are used on the KDJ11-B and KDJ11-SD modules. The KDJ11-A modules require the MXV11-B2, or similar, ROM set on a separate ROM module.
- KDJ11-B - MicroPDP-11/73 ROM v6.0 (23-077E5 and 23-078E5)
- KDJ11-B - MicroPDP-11/73 ROM v7.0 (23-116E5 and 23-117E5)
- KDJ11-B - MicroPDP-11/73 ROM v8.0 (23-168E5 and 23-169E5)
- KDJ11-SD - MicroPDP-11/53 ROM (23-261E5 and 23-262E5)
- KDJ11-SD - DECserver 500 ROM (23-381E6 and 23-382E6)
- KDJ11-SD - DECserver 500 ROM (23-529E6 and 23-530E6)
The ROMs ending in E5 require 16K EPROMs and the E6 versions require 32K EPROMs.
Summary
Any of the LSI-11/73 processors would be desirable to own. They are farily common and affordable. One thing to watch out for is the KDJ11-AA module, which has no FPJ11 support. The easiest way to tell is by looking at the module number on the ejector handles. The photo below is of an M8192-YB, which has FPJ11 support. If the right-hand ejector handle, circled in red, were blank, then it would likely be a KDJ11-AA processor. The FPJ11 socket is circled in blue.
The M8192 and M8190 are both LSI-11/73 processors and are generally differentiated by referring to them as LSI-11/73A and LSI-11/73B, respectively. The LSI-11/73A processor is a stripped down unit, with just a CPU and cache, whereas the LSI-11/73B processor is a nearly identical, but slower version of the LSI-11/83 processor.
The LSI-11/83 & 93 processors are more difficult to find, and much more expensive. LSI-11/53 processors are somewhat common and cost more than the LSI-11/73B, even though they are around 15% slower, due to the lack of a cache. They do contain quite a bit of memory, however, which helps to even out the value.
The M7554-04 DECserver 550 CPU is an 18 MHz version of the PDP-11/53 CPU. This processor can be modified to accept the standard M7554 boot ROMs and is has the same performance as a PDP-11/73, with standard memory.
DCJ11 Parts
The following table contains the different DCJ11 variations.
| DCJ11 Variations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model No. | Part No. | Speed | Notes |
| 57-19400-04 | DCJ11-AC | 15 MHz | |
| 57-19400-07 | DCJ11-AA | 20 MHz | DECserver 550 CPU (clocked at 18 MHz) |
| 57-19400-08 | DCJ11-AC | 15 MHz | |
| 57-19400-09 | DCJ11-AE | 18 MHz | M8190-AD/AE, M8981 |
References
- KDJ11-A CPU Module User's Guide, 1st Edition, May 1984 (EK-KDJ1A-UG-001)
- KDJ11-B CPU Module User's Guide, 1st Edition, November 1986 (EK-KDJ1B-UG-001)
- KDJ11-B CPU System Maintenance, 1st Edition, November 1988 (EK-247AA-MG-001)
- KDJ11-D/S CPU Module User's Guide, 2nd Edition, May 1987 (EK-KDJ1D-UG-001)
- KDJ11-E CPU Module User Guide, 1st Edition, January 1991 (EK-KDJ1E-UG-001)
- Edited Option/Module List, June 13, 1991 (OL0501.0DP)
Additional Resources
- MicroNote 3 - Compatible Bootstraps for the LSI-11/73
- MicroNote 4 - LSI-11/73 Upgrade Paths
- MicroNote 5 - Q22 Compatible Options
- MicroNote 6 - Differences Between the LSI-11/73 and LSI-11/23
- MicroNote 8 - LSI-11/73 Memory Management
- MicroNote 9 - Cache Concepts and the LSI-11/73
- MicroNote 11 - LSI-11/73 Advanced Memory Management
- MicroNote 15 - Q-Bus Hardware Bootstraps
- MicroNote 25 - FPJ11-AA Compatability with the LSI-11/73 (KDJ11-A)
- MicroNote 30 - Private Memory Management Between the KDJ11-B and the MSV11-J
- MicroNote 39 - Differences Between the KDJ11-A and KDJ11-B
- MicroNote 40 - FPJ11 Theory of Operation
